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The Carl N. Shuster Jr. Ph.D. Collection

Anatomy
(Structure)
Physiology
(Function)
Natural History
(Ecology)
Geologic History
(Paelontology)
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Research
Natural History
The following listing represents books, papers and articles focused on Natural History. Where indicated, these documents are available for download in pdf format.


Allee, Warder C. "Studies in Marine Biology II. An annotated catalog of the distribution of common invertebrates of the Woods Hole littoral." Manuscript in the library of the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (1922).


American Bird Conservancy. "Shorebirds in a pinch." Bird Conservation (fall 1997): 4


Asakura, A. "Population ecology of the sand-dwelling hermit crab Diogenes nitidimanus Terao: 3. Mating system." Bulletin of Marine Science 41 (1987): 282–288.


Associated Press. "Amorous crabs are crowding beaches." The Capital, 2 July 1996: Section B


Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission. "Horseshoe Crab Technical Committee's Stock Assessment Subcommittee report." An unpublished report of the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, Washington, D. C. (1998a).


Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission. "Horseshoe crab peer review." An unpublished report of the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, Washington, D. C. (1998b).


Baptist, John P., Osgood R. Smith, and John W. Ropes. "Migrations of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, in Plum Island Sound, Massachusetts." USFWS Special Report, Fisheries Bulletin 220 (1957): 1–15.


Barnett, L. "Editorial Staff of Life." In The World We Live In. New York: Time, Inc., 1955


Beaumont, C. and R. Mansueti. "Distribution of horseshoe crabs in Chesapeake Bay mystifies experts." Maryland Tidewater News 12, no. 4 (1955): 1, 3–4, 11–12.


Berkson, J., and C. N. Shuster. "The horseshoe crab: the battle for a true multiple-use resource." Fisheries 24, no. 11 (1999): 6–10.


Berrill, M., and M. Arenault. "Mating behavior of the green shore crab Carcinus maenas: relation to lunar phase, tide height, and sunlight." Biological Bulletin 171 (1982): 310–329.


Botton, M. L. "Predation by adult horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus (L.), and its effect on benthic intertidal community structure of breeding beaches in Delaware Bay, New Jersey." Ph. D. dissertation, Rutgers University, 1982.


Botton, M. L. "The importance of predation by horseshoe crabs, Limulus polyphemus, to an intertidal sand flat community." Journal of Marine Research 42, no. 1 (1984): 139–161.


Botton, M. L. "Effects of laughing gulls and shorebird predation on the intertidal fauna at Cape May, New Jersey." Estuarine Coastal Shelf Science 18 (1984b): 209–220.


Botton, M. L. "Spatial distribution of three species of bivalves on an intertidal flat; the interaction of life-history strategy with predation and disturbance." Veliger, 26 (1984): 282.


Botton, M. L. "Horseshoe crab." In Living Resources of the Delaware Estuary, edited by L. E. Dove and R. M. Nyman, 51–57. Philadelphia: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.


Botton, M. L. and H. H. Haskin. "Distribution and feeding of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, on the continental shelf off New Jersey." Fishery Bulletin 82 (1984): 383–389.


Botton, M. L. and R. E. Loveland. "Predation by herring gulls and Great-backed gulls on horseshoe crabs." Wilson Bulletin 105, no. 3 (1993), 518–521.


Botton, M. L. and J. W. Ropes. "Populations of horseshoe crabs, Limulus polyphemus, on the northwestern Atlantic continental shelf." Fishery Bulletin 85, no. 4 (1987): 805–812.


Botton, M. L. and J. W. Ropes. "The horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, fishery and resource in the United States." Marine Fisheries Review 49, no. 3 (1987): 57–61.


Botton, M. L. and J. W. Ropes. "An indirect method for estimating longevity of the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) based on epifaunal slipper shells (Crepidula fornicata)." Journal of Shellfish Resources 7 (1988): 407–412.


Botton, M. L., R. E. Loveland, and T. R. Jacobsen. "Beach erosion and geochemical factors: influence on spawning success of horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) in Delaware Bay." Marine Biology 99 (1988): 325–332.


Botton, M. L. and R. E. Loveland. "Reproductive risk: high mortality associated with spawning by horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) in Delaware Bay, USA." Marine Biology 101 (1989): 143–151.


Botton, M. L., R. E. Loveland, and T. R. Jacobsen. "Site selection by migratory shorebirds in Delaware Bay, and its relationship to beach characteristics and abundance of horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) eggs." The Auk 111, no. 3 (1994): 605–616.


Botton, M. L. "Ecology of planktonic horseshoe crab larvae in Delaware Bay: patterns of abundance and the potential for dispersal." American Zoologist 39, no. 5 (1999): 51A–52A.


Bradley, Abigail. "Factors that Affect Horseshoe Crab Nest Site Selection" (unpublished) March 2002. STUDENT RESEARCH

Brady, J. T. and E. P. Schrading. "Habitat suitability index models: horseshoe crab (spawning beaches)—Delaware Bay, New Jersey and Delaware." (unpublished) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Philadelphia District, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) and U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service (New Jersey Field Office, Pleasantville, New Jersey) (1996): 6 pp.


Bryant, T. L., and J. R. Pennock. The Delaware Estuary: rediscovering a forgotten resource. Burlington, New Jersey: The Philadelphia Press, Inc., 1991.


Burger, J., M. A. Howe, D. C. Hahn, and J. Chase. "Effects of tide cycles on habitat selection and habitat partitioning by migrating shorebirds." The Auk 94 (1977): 743–758.


Burger, J., L. Niles, and K. E. Clark. "Importance of beach, mudflat, and marsh habitats to migrant shorebirds on Delaware Bay." Biological Conservation 79 (1996): 283–292.


Butowski, Nancy. "Protecting an ancient Maryland treasure, the horseshoe crab." Maryland Fish and Wildlife News 2, no. 5 (1994): 3.


Butowski, N.H. "Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic coast horseshoe crab fishery management plan." Publication of the Environmental Protection Agency (1994).


Castro, G., J. P. Myers, and A. Place. "Assimilation efficiency of sanderlings (Calidris alba) feeding on horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) eggs." Physiological Zoology 62 (1989): 716–731.


Castro, G. and J. P. Myers. "Shorebird predation on eggs of horseshoe crabs during spring stopover on Delaware Bay." The Auk 110, no. 4 (1993): 927–930.


Chesapeake Bay Program. "Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic Coast Horseshoe Crab Fishery Management Plan. Agreement Commitment Report." (1994).


Clark, K. E. "Horseshoe crabs and the shorebird connection." In Proceedings of the horseshoe crab forum: Status of the resource, edited by J. Farrell and C. Martin, 23–25. Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware Sea Grant Publications, 1996 (DEL-SG-05-97).


Clark, K. E., L. J. Niles, and J. Burger. "Abundance and distribution of migrant shorebirds in Delaware Bay." Condor 95 (1993): 694–705.


Farrell, J. and C. Martin, eds., Proceedings of the Horseshoe Crab Forum: Status of the Resource. Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware Sea Grant Publications, 1997 (DEL-SG-05-97).


Finn, J. J., C. N. Shuster, Jr., and B. L. Swan. Limulus spawning activity on Delaware Bay shores. Cape May, NJ: Finn- Tech Industries, Incorporated {private printing}, 1990.


Frayer, W. E. Status and trends of wetlands and deepwater habitats in the conterminous United States, 1970s to 1980s. Houghton, Michigan: Michigan Technological University Press, 1991.


Fowler, Henry W. "The king crab fisheries in Delaware Bay." Annual Report for the New Jersey State Museum. Trenton: MacCrellish & Quigley, State Printers, 1908.


Gelvin-Innvaer, L. A. "Migratory shorebirds of Delaware Bay, Delaware: Distribution during the spring migration, a brief overview." Report for the Delaware Division of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Dover, Delaware (1996).


Haefner, P., G. Gauvry, and C. N. Shuster. "Reading Adult Horseshoe Crab Shells." Poster presented at the American Fisheries Society Conference, Baltimore, Maryland, 2002.

Harrington, Brian. The Flight of the Red Knot. New York: W. W. Norton & Co. 1996.


Harrington, B. and C. N. Shuster Jr. "Crab crisis at Delaware Bay." Defenders 74, no.3 (1999): 31–35.


Horton, Tom. "Keeping Sand in Hand." The Sun Magazine—The Baltimore Sun, 17 July 1994: 6–17.


Horton, Tom. 1996. "Horseshoe crabs-and their ancient, annual rite of spring in Delaware Bay now face an uncertain future." Audubon (May-June 1996): 76–81.


Horton, Tom. "The ancient one." Mid-Atlantic Country (May 1994): 38–41, 81, 88–89, 96.


Ives, J. E. "Crustacea from the northern coast of Yucatan, the harbor of Vera Cruz, the West coast of Florida and the Bermuda Islands." Proceedings of the Natural Academy of Sciences 43 (1981): 176–200.


Kraeuter, J. N. and S. R. Fegley. "Vertical distribution of sediments by horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) during their spawning season." Estuaries 17, no.1B (1994): 288–294.


Lippson, Alice Jane and Robert. Life in the Chesapeake Bay (Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984): 25–26.


Loveland, R. E., M. L. Botton, and C. N. Shuster. "Life history of the American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus L.) in Delaware Bay and its importance as a commercial resource." In Proceedings of the horseshoe crab forum: Status of the resource, edited by J. Farrell and C. Martin, 15–22. Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware Sea Grant Publications, 1996.


Maryland Department of Forests and Parks. "Glimpses of Nature and History in Maryland’s State Parks." Oak Leaflet no. 4, 1968.


Maryland Department of Natural Resources. "Horseshoe crabs: A Bay treasure." Weekend Outlook, distributed in Southern Maryland newspapers, 6 April 1996.


McManus, Kevin. "Slaughter Beach." The Washington Post Magazine. 30 June 1996: 7.


Milne, L. J. and J. Margery. "Horseshoe crab—Is its luck running out?" Fauna 9, no. 3 (1947): 66–72.


Murray, Molly. "Is the once plentiful horseshoe crab on its last legs?" Wilmington (Delaware) Sunday News Journal, 25 February 1996.


Musick, J. A., R. Byles, R. Klinger, and S. A. Bellmund. "Mortality and Behavior of Sea Turtles in the Chesapeake Bay. Summary Report for 1979 Through 1983 - Report to the National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Section." Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences, College of William and Mary, 1983.


Myers, J. P. "Conservation of migrating shorebirds: staging areas, geographical bottlenecks, and regional movements." American Birds 37 (1981): 23–25.


Myers, J. P. "Sex and gluttony on Delaware Bay." Natural History 95 (1986): 68–77.


Myers, J. P., J. L. Maron, and M. Sallaberry. "Going to extremes: why do sanderlings migrate to the neotropics?" Ornithology Monograph 36 (1985): 520–535.


Myers, J. P., R. I. G. Morrison, P. Z. Antas, B. A. Harrington, T. E. Lovejoy, M. Sallaberry, S. E. Senner, and A. Tarak. "Conservation strategy for migratory species." American Scientist 75 (1987): 19–26.


O'Connell, Thomas J. "Distribution of horseshoe crabs in Maryland’s Chesapeake Bay and coastal bays." Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Annapolis, Maryland, 1996.


Penn, D. and H. J. Brockmann. "Nest site selection in the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus." Biological Bulletin 187 (1994): 373–384.


Penn, D. and H. J. Brockmann. "Age-biased stranding and righting in horseshoe crabs, Limulus polyphemus." Animal Behavior 49 (1995): 1531–1539.


Price, Kent S. Jr. "Sand shrimp: cross-link in an esturaine food web." Estuarine Bulletin (a publication of the University of Delaware Marine Laboratories) 6, nos. 3 & 4 (1961): 12–14.


Road, Ronald. "The crab that isn’t." Wildlife in North Carolina August, 1968.


Ropes, J. W., Martin, C. E. "The abundance and distribution of hard clams in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, 1958." USFWS Special Scientific Report—Fisheries Bulletin no. 354 (1960): 1–12.


Rudloe, A. and J. Rudloe, J. "The changeless horseshoe crab." National Geographic 159 (1981): 562–572.


Rudloe, A. "Locomotor and light responses of larvae of the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus (L.))." Biological Bulletin 157 (1979): 494–505.


Rudloe, A. and A. E. Hernkind. "The breeding behavior and patterns of movement of horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, in the vicinity of breeding beaches in Apalachee Bay, Florida." Estuaries 3 (1980): 177–183.


Rudloe, A. and A. E. Hernkind. "Variation of the expression of lunar and tidal behavioral rhythms in the horseshoe crab." Bulletin of Marine Science 36, no. 2 (1985): 388–394.


Rudlow, J. "Limulus polyphemus, The Horseshoe Crab." Chap. 23 in The Erotic Ocean: A Handbook for Beachcombers. New York: World Publishing, 1971


Ruppert, E. E. and R. S. Fox. Seashore Animals of the Southeast. Columbia, South Carolina: University South Carolina Press, 1988.


Say, T. "An account of the Crustacea of the United States." Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1, no. 5 (1818): 433–436.


Sharp, J. H. "Distribution of horseshoe ‘crabs’ in Delaware Bay." Estuarine Bulletin (a publication of the University of Delaware) 5, no. 2 (1960): 1–7.


Sharp, J. H. "Abundance of adult horseshoe crabs, Limulus polyphemus, in Delaware Bay, 1850–1990." In Proceedings of the Horseshoe Crab Forum: Status of the Resource, edited by J. Farrell and C. Martin, 15–22. Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware Sea Grant Publications, 1997 (DEL-SG-05-97).


Shuster, C. N. Jr. "Observations on the natural history of the American horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus." Third report on investigations of methods of improving the shellfish resources of Massachusetts, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Control No. 564 (1950):18–23.


Shuster, C. N. Jr. "Odyssey of the horseshoe crab." Audubon 55, no. 4 (1953): 12–163, 167.


Shuster, C. N. Jr. "A horseshoe ‘crab’ grows up." Ward’s Natural Science Bulletin 28, no. 1 (1954): 1, 3–6.


Shuster, C. N. Jr. "Horseshoe ‘crabs.’" Delaware Conservationist 1, no.3 (1957b): 15.


Shuster, C. N. Jr. "Biological Evaluation of the Delaware River estuary." In State of Delaware Intrastate Water Resource Survey. 1959.


Shuster, C. N. Jr. "Horseshoe ‘crabs’—in former years, during the month of May, these animals dominated Delaware Bay shores." Estuarine Bulletin 5 (1960): 1–9.


Shuster, C. N. Jr. "Distribution of the American horseshoe ‘crab’, Limulus polyphemus (L.)." In Biomedical Applications of the Horseshoe Crab (Limulidae), edited by Elias Cohen, 3–26. New York: Alan R. Liss, Inc., 1979.


Shuster, C. N. Jr. "A pictorial review of the natural history and ecology of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, with reference to other Limulidae." In Physiology and biology of horseshoe crabs: Studies on normal and environmentally stressed animals, edited by J. Bonaventura et al. New York: Alan R. Liss, Inc., 1982.


Shuster, C. N. Jr. "Introductory remarks on the distribution and abundance of the Atlantic horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, spawning in the Chesapeake Bay area." The Chesapeake Prologue to the Future, proceedings from the Chesapeake Bay Symposium. 1985.


Siegel, Andrea F. "Horseshoe crabs hold beach party." The Sun Newspaper - Anne Arundel and Maryland, 13 June 1995.


Smith, D. R., P. S. Pooler, B. L. Swan, S. Michels, W. R. Hall, P. Himchak, and M. Millard. "Spatial and temporal distribution of horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) spawning in Delaware Bay: implications for monitoring." Estuaries 24, no. 6 (2001):


Steinriede, Kent. "Pines residents watch big crabs." Maryland Times Press, 30 June 1994, page 4.


Swan, B. L., G. Gauvry, and C. N. Shuster. "Horseshoe Crabs are Wanderers." Poster presented at the American Fisheries Society Conference, Baltimore, Maryland,2002.

Tsipoura, N. and J. Burger. "Shorebird diet during spring migration stopover on Delaware Bay." Rutgers University, Department of Biological Sciences. Piscataway, New Jersey (1998): 10 pp.


Wander, W. and P. Dunne. "Species and numbers of shorebirds on the Delaware bayshore of New Jersey - spring 1981." Occasional Paper No. 140, Records of New Jersey Birds 7 (1981): 59–64.